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Protests have continued for more than a week since the fatal police shooting of 18-year-old Michael Brown in Ferguson, Mo. Police officers initially met protesters with full riot gear, armored vehicles and assault rifles, escalating tensions and leading Gov. Jay Nixon to replace the St. Louis County Police Department with the Missouri State Highway Patrol, saying the St. Louis suburb looked like \u201ca war zone.”<\/p>\n
The militarization of St. Louis and other local police departments can be traced to two major sources \u2013 the\u00a0federal 1033 Program<\/a>, a section of the National Defense Authorization Act passed in the 1990s, as well as federal homeland security grants to states. Here are a few facts that you might have missed about the Pentagon pipeline and the rise of military equipment and tactics in local police departments.<\/p>\n via Politico<\/a><\/p>\n The Defense Department has provided tens of thousands of pieces of military equipment to local police departments for free.\u00a0<\/strong>As a \u201clong season of war\u201d draws to a close for the U.S., surplus weapons meant for foreign battlefields are finding their way into police departments across the country,\u00a0the New York Times reports<\/a>. The free supplies provided to local law enforcement include machine guns, magazines, night vision equipment, aircraft and armored vehicles. Local news outlets have investigated the flow of military-grade weapons and equipment into police departments in\u00a0Utah<\/a>,Indiana<\/a>,\u00a0Georgia<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Tennessee<\/a>.<\/p>\n The DOD program, known as 1033, has provided $4.3 billion in free military equipment to local police.\u00a0<\/strong>The 1033 program allows the Pentagon to\u00a0transfer weapons to local police departments<\/a>\u00a0on permanent loan for free. The program first started in the 1990s as part of an effort to arm police during the drug crisis.<\/p>\n via Los Angeles Times<\/a><\/p>\n The Justice Department, working with the Pentagon, began to pay for military technology in police departments during the Clinton years.\u00a0<\/strong>In 1994, the Justice Department and the Pentagon funded a five-year program to adapt military security and surveillance technology for local police departments that they would otherwise not be able to afford. Even then, the technologies raised concerns with civil rights activists,\u00a0according to the Christian Science Monitor<\/a>.<\/p>\n States received at least $34 billion in federal grants to purchase military grade supplies in the decade after 9\/11.<\/strong>Thousands of local police departments across the country went on a \u201cbuying spree\u201d fueled by billions in federal grants,\u00a0CIR reported<\/a>. Even in remote cities like Fargo, North Dakota, rated one of the safest cities in America, police officers have traveled with military style assault rifles in their patrol cars. We talked to one of the reporters behind the story, G.W. Schulz, about his findings on a\u00a0MuckReads podcast in January 2012.<\/a><\/p>\n Department of Homeland Security spending on domestic security hit $75 billion a year in 2011.\u00a0<\/strong>But that spending \u201chas been rife with dubious\u00a0expenditures,\u201dthe Los Angeles Times reported<\/a>, including $557,400 in rescue and communications gear that went to 1,500 residents of North Pole, Alaska, and a $750,000 \u201canti-terrorism fence\u201d that was built around a Veterans Affairs hospital in North Carolina.<\/p>\n via Salt Lake Tribune<\/a><\/p>\n St. Louis County has received at least 50 pieces of free tactical gear from the Defense Department in the last four years.\u00a0<\/strong>Newsweek obtained\u00a0a list of the \u201ctactical\u201d items<\/a>\u00a0that St. Louis County police procured through the 1033 program, including night vision gear, vehicles, an explosive ordnance robot, rifles and pistols.Popular Science<\/a>\u00a0breaks down the types of body armor, vehicles and weapons used by Ferguson police, as documented by journalists and witnesses on social media.<\/p>\n Police conduct up to 80,000 SWAT raids a year in the U.S., up from 3,000 a year\u00a0<\/strong>in the early \u201880s.\u00a0<\/strong>That\u2019s according to\u00a0criminologist and researcher Peter Kraska<\/a>. But according to\u00a0a recent study<\/a>\u00a0by the American Civil Liberties Union, almost 80 percent of SWAT team raids are linked to search warrants to investigate potential criminal suspects, not for high-stakes \u201chostage, barricade, or active shooter scenarios.\u201d The ACLU also noted that SWAT tactics are used disproportionately against people of color.<\/p>\n The grenade launchers used by Ferguson police can cause serious injury.<\/strong>Flash grenades\u00a0like those used in Ferguson<\/a>\u00a0have been shown to cause serious harm in the past. In one instance, a flash-bang grenade\u00a0exploded near a toddler\u2019s face<\/a>\u00a0during a drug raid by a local SWAT team in Georgia. The boy spent several weeks in a burn unit and was placed in a medically induced coma. County officials\u00a0later said<\/a>\u00a0that they did not plan to pay the toddler\u2019s medical expenses.<\/p>\nFederal Pipeline<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n
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<\/p>\nHow it All Started<\/strong><\/h2>\n
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<\/p>\nLocal Consequences<\/strong><\/h2>\n
![\"ferg-police-saltlaketrib](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.propublica.org\/images\/ngen\/gypsy_image_lead_ngen\/ferg-police-saltlaketrib.png?w=630\" "\\"\\"")
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